Kukalamba ndi thanzi

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu

Pakati pa 2015 ndi 2050, chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi pazaka 60 chidzatsala pang'ono kuwirikiza kawiri kuchoka pa 12% kufika pa 22%.
Pofika 2020, chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 60 kapena kuposerapo chidzaposa ana osakwana zaka zisanu.
Mu 2050, 80% ya anthu okalamba adzakhala m'mayiko osauka ndi apakati.
Liwiro la ukalamba wa anthu ndilofulumira kwambiri kuposa kale.
Maiko onse akukumana ndi zovuta zazikulu kuti atsimikizire kuti machitidwe awo a umoyo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.

Mwachidule

Anthu padziko lonse akukhala ndi moyo wautali. Masiku ano anthu ambiri angayembekezere kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi kupitirira. Dziko lililonse padziko lapansi likukula mu kukula komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu okalamba.
Pofika m’chaka cha 2030, munthu mmodzi pa anthu 6 alionse padziko lapansi adzakhala ali ndi zaka 60 kapena kuposerapo. Pa nthawiyi chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 60 ndi kupitirira chidzakwera kuchoka pa 1 biliyoni mu 2020 kufika pa 1.4 biliyoni. Podzafika chaka cha 2050, chiŵerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi cha zaka 60 kapena kuposerapo chidzawirikiza kawiri (2.1 biliyoni). Chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zapakati pa 80 kapena kupitilira apo chikuyembekezeka kuwirikiza katatu pakati pa 2020 ndi 2050 kufikira 426 miliyoni.
Ngakhale kusintha kumeneku pakugawika kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu m’dziko lopita ku ukalamba – kumadziwika kuti kukalamba kwa anthu – kunayambira m’maiko opeza ndalama zambiri (mwachitsanzo ku Japan 30% ya anthu ali ndi zaka zoposa 60), tsopano ndi otsika komanso apakati. mayiko opeza ndalama omwe akukumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu. Pofika chaka cha 2050, magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse a anthu padziko lapansi pazaka 60 adzakhala m'mayiko osauka ndi apakati.

Kukalamba anafotokoza

Pazinthu zamoyo, ukalamba umachokera ku zotsatira za kudzikundikira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndi ma cellular pakapita nthawi. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwapang’onopang’ono kwa mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo, kuwonjezereka kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda ndipo pamapeto pake imfa. Zosinthazi sizikhala za mzere kapena zofananira, ndipo zimangogwirizana ndi zaka za munthu. Kusiyanasiyana komwe kumawonedwa muukalamba sikungochitika mwachisawawa. Kupitilira kusintha kwachilengedwe, kukalamba nthawi zambiri kumayendera limodzi ndi kusintha kwina kwa moyo monga kupuma pantchito, kusamukira ku nyumba zoyenerera komanso kumwalira kwa mabwenzi ndi mabwenzi.

Matenda wamba okhudzana ndi ukalamba

Mikhalidwe yodziwika mu ukalamba imaphatikizapo kutayika kwa makutu, ng'ala ndi zolakwika zowonongeka, kupweteka kwa msana ndi khosi ndi osteoarthritis, matenda osokoneza bongo a m'mapapo, matenda a shuga, kuvutika maganizo ndi dementia. Anthu akamakula, amakhala ndi mwayi wokumana ndi zinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi.
Ukalamba umadziwikanso ndi kutuluka kwa maiko angapo ovuta azaumoyo omwe amadziwika kuti geriatric syndromes. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsatira za zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimaphatikizapo kufooka, kusadziletsa kwa mkodzo, kugwa, zilonda zam'mimba komanso zilonda zam'mimba.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza ukalamba wathanzi

Kukhala ndi moyo wautali kumabweretsa mwayi, osati kwa okalamba ndi mabanja awo okha, komanso kwa anthu onse. Zaka zowonjezera zimapereka mwayi wochita zinthu zatsopano monga maphunziro apamwamba, ntchito yatsopano kapena chilakolako chonyalanyazidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Okalamba amathandizanso m’njira zambiri ku mabanja awo ndi madera awo. Komabe kukula kwa mwayi umenewu ndi zopereka zimadalira kwambiri chinthu chimodzi: thanzi.

Umboni umasonyeza kuti gawo la moyo wathanzi lakhalabe lokhazikika, kutanthauza kuti zaka zowonjezera zimakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Ngati anthu atha kukhala ndi zaka zoonjezera zimenezi ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso ngati akukhala m’malo olimbikitsa, luso lawo lochita zinthu zimene amaona kuti n’lofunika lidzakhala losiyana kwambiri ndi la wachinyamata. Ngati zaka zowonjezerekazi zikulamuliridwa ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo, zotulukapo zake kwa okalamba ndi kwa anthu zimakhala zoipa kwambiri.

Ngakhale kuti kusiyana kwina kwa thanzi la anthu okalamba ndi chibadwa, zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha umunthu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu - kuphatikizapo nyumba zawo, malo oyandikana nawo, ndi madera awo, komanso makhalidwe awo - monga kugonana, fuko, kapena chikhalidwe chawo. Malo omwe anthu amakhalamo ali ana - kapenanso ngati ana obadwa kumene - kuphatikizapo makhalidwe awo, amakhala ndi zotsatira za nthawi yayitali pa momwe amakalamba.

Malo okhala ndi thupi komanso momwe anthu amakhalira amatha kukhudza thanzi mwachindunji kapena kudzera mu zotchinga kapena zolimbikitsa zomwe zimakhudza mwayi, zisankho ndi machitidwe azaumoyo. Kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino pamoyo wonse, makamaka kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse komanso kupewa kusuta fodya, zonsezi zimathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda osapatsirana, kusintha mphamvu za thupi ndi maganizo komanso kuchepetsa kudalira chithandizo.

Malo othandizira thupi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu amathandizanso anthu kuchita zomwe zili zofunika kwa iwo, ngakhale kutaya mphamvu. Kupezeka kwa nyumba zotetezeka komanso zofikira anthu onse ndi zoyendera, ndi malo osavuta kuyendamo, ndi zitsanzo za malo othandizira. Popanga kuyankha kwaumoyo wa anthu pakukalamba, ndikofunikira kuti tisamangoganizira njira zamunthu payekha komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zimathandizira kutayika kokhudzana ndi ukalamba, komanso zomwe zingalimbikitse kuchira, kusintha komanso kukula kwamalingaliro.

Mavuto poyankha kukalamba kwa anthu

Palibe munthu wachikulire weniweni. Achinyamata ena azaka 80 ali ndi mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo mofanana ndi achinyamata ambiri azaka 30. Anthu ena amakumana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa luso akadali achichepere. Kuyankhidwa mozama pazaumoyo wa anthu kuyenera kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe achikulire akukumana nazo komanso zosowa zawo.

Kusiyanasiyana komwe kumawonedwa muukalamba sikungochitika mwachisawawa. Gawo lalikulu limachokera ku chilengedwe cha anthu komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso momwe malowa amakhudzira mwayi wawo ndi machitidwe awo azaumoyo. Ubale umene tili nawo ndi malo omwe timakhala nawo umasokonezedwa ndi makhalidwe athu monga banja lomwe tinabadwiramo, kugonana kwathu ndi fuko lathu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa thanzi.

Anthu okalamba nthawi zambiri amawaganizira kuti ndi ofooka kapena odalira komanso olemetsa kwa anthu. Ogwira ntchito za umoyo wa anthu, ndi anthu onse, akuyenera kuthana ndi izi ndi malingaliro ena okhudzana ndi zaka, zomwe zingayambitse tsankho, zimakhudza momwe ndondomeko zimapangidwira komanso mwayi umene anthu okalamba amakhala nawo kuti azikalamba.

Kudalirana kwa mayiko, chitukuko chaukadaulo (mwachitsanzo, zamayendedwe ndi kulumikizana), kukwera kwa mizinda, kusamuka komanso kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha amuna kapena akazi ndikusintha miyoyo ya anthu okalamba molunjika kapena mosalunjika. Yankho laumoyo wa anthu liyenera kuyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika komanso zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa ndikukhazikitsa mfundo molingana.

Yankho la WHO

United Nations General Assembly idalengeza 2021-2030 Zaka khumi za Ukalamba Wathanzi ndikufunsa WHO kuti itsogolere kukhazikitsidwa. Zaka khumi za Ukalamba Wathanzi ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wosonkhanitsa maboma, mabungwe a anthu, mabungwe apadziko lonse, akatswiri, maphunziro, atolankhani ndi mabungwe apadera kwa zaka 10 zogwira ntchito zogwirizana, zothandizira komanso zothandizira kulimbikitsa moyo wautali komanso wathanzi.

Zaka khumi zimamanga pa WHO Global Strategy and Action Plan ndi United Nations Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging ndikuthandizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa United Nations Agenda 2030 pa Sustainable Development ndi Sustainable Development Goals.

Zaka khumi za Ukalamba Wathanzi (2021-2030) zikufuna kuchepetsa kusagwirizana kwa thanzi ndikusintha miyoyo ya anthu okalamba, mabanja awo ndi madera awo pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu pamodzi m'madera anayi: kusintha momwe timaganizira, kumverera ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa zaka ndi zaka; kukulitsa madera m'njira zolimbikitsa luso la okalamba; kupereka chithandizo chophatikizika choyang'anira anthu ndi chithandizo chamankhwala choyambirira chomvera okalamba; ndikupatsanso anthu okalamba omwe amafunikira mwayi wopeza chithandizo chanthawi yayitali.