Mfundo zazikulu
Pakati pa 2015 ndi 2050, chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 60 chidzawonjezeka kawiri kuchoka pa 12% kufika pa 22%.
Pofika chaka cha 2020, chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 60 kapena kuposerapo chidzaposa ana osakwana zaka 5.
Mu 2050, 80% ya okalamba adzakhala m'maiko osauka komanso apakati.
Kuchuluka kwa ukalamba wa anthu kukuchulukirachulukira kuposa kale.
Mayiko onse akukumana ndi mavuto akuluakulu kuti atsimikizire kuti machitidwe awo azaumoyo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kumeneku.
Chidule
Anthu padziko lonse lapansi akukhala ndi moyo wautali. Masiku ano anthu ambiri amayembekezera kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka za m'ma 60 kapena kupitirira apo. Dziko lililonse padziko lonse lapansi likukula kukula kwa anthu okalamba komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu okalamba.
Pofika chaka cha 2030, munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 6 aliwonse padziko lonse lapansi adzakhala ndi zaka 60 kapena kuposerapo. Pakadali pano, chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 60 kapena kuposerapo chidzawonjezeka kuchoka pa 1 biliyoni mu 2020 kufika pa 1.4 biliyoni. Pofika chaka cha 2050, chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 60 kapena kuposerapo padziko lonse lapansi chidzawirikiza kawiri (2.1 biliyoni). Chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 80 kapena kuposerapo chikuyembekezeka kuwirikiza katatu pakati pa 2020 ndi 2050 kufika pa 426 miliyoni.
Ngakhale kusintha kumeneku kwa kufalikira kwa anthu m'dziko kupita ku ukalamba - komwe kumadziwika kuti population ageing - kunayamba m'maiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri (monga ku Japan, 30% ya anthu ali kale ndi zaka zoposa 60), tsopano ndi mayiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa komanso zapakati omwe akukumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu. Pofika chaka cha 2050, magawo awiri mwa atatu a anthu padziko lonse lapansi azaka zoposa 60 adzakhala m'maiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa komanso zapakati.
Kufotokozera za ukalamba
Pa mlingo wa zamoyo, ukalamba umachokera ku zotsatira za kuchulukana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwonongeka kwa mamolekyu ndi maselo pakapita nthawi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo zichepe pang'onopang'ono, chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda komanso imfa. Kusintha kumeneku sikuli kolunjika kapena kofanana, ndipo kumangogwirizana ndi msinkhu wa munthu m'zaka zake. Kusiyana komwe kumaoneka mu ukalamba sikwachisawawa. Kupatula kusintha kwa zamoyo, ukalamba nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwina kwa moyo monga kupuma pantchito, kusamukira ku nyumba yoyenera komanso imfa ya mabwenzi ndi okondedwa.
Matenda ofala omwe amakhudzana ndi ukalamba
Matenda ofala kwambiri kwa okalamba ndi monga kulephera kumva, maso otupa ndi zolakwika za refractive, kupweteka kwa msana ndi khosi ndi osteoarthritis, matenda osatha a m'mapapo, matenda a shuga, kuvutika maganizo ndi matenda a dementia. Anthu akamakula, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi matenda angapo nthawi imodzi.
Ukalamba umadziwikanso ndi kubuka kwa matenda osiyanasiyana ovuta omwe amatchedwa matenda a ukalamba. Nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndipo zimaphatikizapo kufooka, kusadziletsa mkodzo, kugwa, kusokonezeka maganizo komanso zilonda zamagazi.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza ukalamba wathanzi
Moyo wautali umabweretsa mwayi, osati kwa okalamba ndi mabanja awo okha, komanso kwa anthu onse. Zaka zowonjezera zimapereka mwayi wochita zinthu zatsopano monga maphunziro owonjezera, ntchito yatsopano kapena chilakolako chomwe chanyalanyazidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Okalamba nawonso amathandizira m'njira zambiri m'mabanja awo ndi m'madera awo. Komabe kuchuluka kwa mwayi ndi zoperekazi kumadalira kwambiri chinthu chimodzi: thanzi.
Umboni ukusonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino chakhala chofanana kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zaka zowonjezerazo zimakhala zathanzi. Ngati anthu atha kukhala ndi zaka zowonjezerazi za moyo ali ndi thanzi labwino ndipo ngati akukhala m'malo othandizira, luso lawo lochita zinthu zomwe amaona kuti ndi zofunika silidzasiyana kwenikweni ndi la achinyamata. Ngati zaka zowonjezerazi zikulamulidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo, zotsatira zake kwa okalamba komanso kwa anthu onse zimakhala zoipa kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti kusiyana kwina kwa thanzi la okalamba kumadalira majini, zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha malo omwe anthu amakhala komanso momwe amachitira zinthu - kuphatikizapo nyumba zawo, madera awo, ndi madera awo, komanso makhalidwe awo - monga kugonana kwawo, fuko lawo, kapena momwe alili pa zachuma. Malo omwe anthu amakhala ali ana - kapena ngakhale akukula - kuphatikiza ndi makhalidwe awo, amakhala ndi zotsatirapo za nthawi yayitali pa momwe amakalamba.
Malo okhala ndi anthu komanso okhala ndi anthu ambiri angakhudze thanzi mwachindunji kapena kudzera mu zopinga kapena zolimbikitsa zomwe zimakhudza mwayi, zisankho ndi khalidwe labwino. Kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino pa moyo wonse, makamaka kudya zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse komanso kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito fodya, zonsezi zimathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda osapatsirana, kukonza mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo komanso kuchedwetsa kudalira chisamaliro.
Malo ochirikiza thupi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zimathandizanso anthu kuchita zinthu zofunika kwa iwo, ngakhale kuti mphamvu zawo zachepa. Kupezeka kwa nyumba zotetezeka komanso zoyendera anthu onse, komanso malo osavuta kuyendamo, ndi zitsanzo za malo othandizira. Pakupanga njira yothanirana ndi ukalamba, ndikofunikira osati kungoganizira njira zaumwini ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kutayika komwe kumakhudzana ndi ukalamba, komanso zomwe zingalimbikitse kuchira, kusintha ndi kukula kwa maganizo.
Mavuto poyankha kukalamba kwa anthu
Palibe munthu wamba wokalamba. Achikulire ena azaka 80 ali ndi mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo zofanana ndi achikulire ambiri azaka 30. Anthu ena amakumana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ali aang'ono kwambiri. Kuyankha kwathunthu kwaumoyo wa anthu kuyenera kuthana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana za okalamba komanso zosowa zawo.
Kusiyanasiyana komwe kumaoneka mu ukalamba sikwachisawawa. Gawo lalikulu limachokera ku malo okhala anthu ndi chikhalidwe chawo komanso momwe malo amenewa amakhudzira mwayi wawo komanso khalidwe lawo la thanzi. Ubale womwe tili nawo ndi malo athu umasokonekera chifukwa cha makhalidwe athu monga banja lomwe tinabadwira, kugonana kwathu ndi fuko lathu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusalingana pa thanzi.
Anthu okalamba nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi ofooka kapena odalira anthu ena ndipo ndi katundu kwa anthu. Akatswiri azaumoyo, komanso anthu onse, ayenera kuthana ndi malingaliro awa ndi ena okhudza ukalamba, omwe angayambitse tsankho, kusintha momwe mfundo zimakhazikitsidwira komanso mwayi womwe anthu okalamba ali nawo wokalamba bwino.
Kufalikira kwa dziko lonse lapansi, chitukuko cha ukadaulo (monga, mayendedwe ndi kulumikizana), kusamukira kumizinda, kusamuka ndi kusintha kwa miyambo ya amuna ndi akazi zikukhudza miyoyo ya okalamba m'njira zachindunji komanso zosalunjika. Kuyankha pa zaumoyo wa anthu kuyenera kuyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika komanso zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa ndikukhazikitsa mfundo moyenerera.
Yankho la WHO
Msonkhano Waukulu wa United Nations unalengeza kuti chaka cha 2021-2030 ndi Chakhumi cha Ukalamba Wathanzi ndipo unapempha WHO kuti itsogolere kukhazikitsa izi. Chakhumi cha Ukalamba Wathanzi ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse womwe umagwirizanitsa maboma, mabungwe a anthu, mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, akatswiri, akatswiri a maphunziro, atolankhani ndi mabungwe achinsinsi kwa zaka 10 zakuchitapo kanthu mogwirizana, kolimbikitsa komanso kogwirizana kuti pakhale miyoyo yayitali komanso yathanzi.
Zaka khumizi zikukhazikika pa ndondomeko ya WHO Global Strategy and Action Plan ndi United Nations Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging ndipo zimathandizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa Agenda ya United Nations 2030 pa Chitukuko Chokhazikika ndi Zolinga za Chitukuko Chokhazikika.
Zaka Khumi za Ukalamba Wathanzi (2021–2030) cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kusalingana kwa thanzi ndikukweza miyoyo ya okalamba, mabanja awo ndi madera awo kudzera mukuchita zinthu pamodzi m'magawo anayi: kusintha momwe timaganizira, timamvera komanso timachitira zinthu kuti tikwaniritse ukalamba ndi kukalamba; kupanga madera m'njira zomwe zimalimbikitsa luso la okalamba; kupereka chisamaliro chogwirizana chokhazikika chomwe chimaganizira anthu ndi ntchito zaumoyo zoyambirira zomwe zimayankha okalamba; ndikupatsa okalamba omwe akufunikira chithandizochi mwayi wopeza chisamaliro chabwino cha nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-24-2021
